Ministry to the Sick
Part 2 History

Chapter s30 The Time After Vatican II [1975-2050 CE]

Secular History

Church History

Ministry to the Sick and Dying

Secular History

John L. Allen in The Future Church, writes that ministry to the sick, dying, and bereaved will become increasingly important in the years to come: 

"In the United States, the Catholic Church will have 6.8 million additional members over the age of 65 by 2030, by far the most substantial expansion of any subgroup in the Church. Inevitably, these trends mean that the Church will be pressed to invest an increasing share of its resources in ministry to the elderly.  Ministries that will expand rapidly include:

Chaplains in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and hospitals;
Ministry to shut-ins, including the need for Eucharistic Ministers who can take the sacrament to elderly parishioners;
Demand for funerals and anointing of the sick;
Pastoral Programs to help people deal with bereavement and loss;
Catholic nursing homes, hospitals and daycare centers.

In her 2005 book Theological Bioethics, Boston College theologian Lisa Sowle Cahill analyzes Western approaches to aging, decline, and death in terms of three contemporary trends: individualism, meaning self -determination; the medicalization of social problems, such as the proper balance between independence and dependence; and the refusal to accept that life has limits, resulting in frustration and despair when science, technology, and money fail to take away suffering that is inevitably part of life. One task for a contemporary theology of aging, she writes, is to develop an alternative Catholic understanding of death and dying, one more rooted in community, in spirituality and moral discipline, and in an acceptance of the finitude of life rooted in faith about the life to come."  (John L. Allen, The Future Church. Double Day Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-0-385-52038-6. pp162-163, 168.)

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Church History

1975 December   The Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy  (BCL) (Now = The Bishops' Committee for Divine Worship, BCDW) asked for a broad based consultation from those using the Interim Rite.  They ask about:
1) The translation of the text;
2) The layout and presentation of the rite;
3) The selection and position of the scripture readings;
4) The use and adequacy of individual rubrics;
5) The use and adequacy of individual rubrics;
6) Suggested additions to the rite or its general introduction;
7) Suggest adaptations for the dioceses of the United States;
8) Suggestions as to how the rite might be made more pastorally useful.

1983 Sept 01  Pastoral Care of the Sick:  Rites of Anointing and Viaticum (USA)

2001 March 20   The instruction  Liturgical Translation, ICEL, and Vox Clara    A shift "below the iceberg" has taken place regarding the translation of liturgical texts.  “Comme le prevoit: On the Translation of Liturgical Texts for Celebrations with a Congregation (1969)”  is replaced by Liturgiam authenticam:  The Fifth Instruction for the Right Application of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council." March 28, 2001.   ICEL is reorganized.    Vox Clara is established. 

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Ministry to the Sick

Questions regarding the "minister" of the sacrament  See the discussion in Chapter s33 The Minister of Anointing

Communal Celebrations at Sunday Eucharist  As the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy stated:   "It is to be stressed that whenever rites, according to their specific nature, make provision for communal celebration involving the presence and active participation of the faithful, this way of celebrating them is to be preferred, so far as possible, to a celebration that is individual and quasi-private."  (SC 27)  This begins to be applied also to the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick.  Paul the VI himself presides at communal Anointings in St. Peter's Basilica and speaks very positively of these healing experiences. 

MOODLE postings

Anointing is on forehead and then both hands.  Priest is only proper minister of the sacrament of anointing of the sick.  Deacons or lay ministers may need to be extended authorization to minister this sacrament due to shortage of priests. 

Now defined a serious sickness and has come to include mental problem, including PTSD. Perhaps there will come a time when Deacons can perform the entire rite – continuing shortage of Priests.

The most significant change that remains to take place is the Church's general understanding of the sacrament.  All the pieces are in place for it to play a significant role in the daily life of the church except the general understanding of its significance and free access to it.  It remains connected in the minds af the average parishioner to "Extreme Unction."

 

 

Effects of lack of priests. Question of how sick one must be to receive sacrament. Discussion of what gets healed through the sacrament – body, mind, spirit.

Matter - olive oil preferred. Rite for
communal celebration. For healing mind, spirit, body. 'Seriously ill' definition still debated. Laity often confused understanding the Sacrament.

Anoint for seriously ill still in effect, first onset of serious illness, viaticum, food for journey is last sacrament received, communal anointing, sacrament confers grace of healing body, mind and spirit which includes forgiveness of sin, overall pastoral thrust, widens understanding of priest/minister and recipient [Tom R – I don't think it was "confusion" -- It was (and is) simply that the bishops hold different theologies of the sacrament -- They are more confident than confused; it is just that they don't agree.]

The old ideas attached to "Extreme Unction" are slowly fading as familiarity with the new "Rite of Pastoral Care for the Sick" takes hold. The new rite emphasizes that the sick are to be
cared for by all in the community (33) through prayers, visits, anointing, and viaticum.

Use subjected to varying interpretations and limited availability; Need for more catechesis of both clergy and laity. Communal anointing not yet fully utilized or realized.

Ecumenical convergence: Eastern Orthodox/Anglican Communion anoint; Episcopal - ministry of word and laying on of hands; Lutheran; United Church of Christ; Presbyterian

AFTER VATICAN II sees the primacy of the experience vs. the doctrine and mechanics. Becomes a
sacrament of wholeness of body, mind, spirit. Issues "Pastoral Care of the Sick: Rites of Anointing and Viaticum". Allows communal anointing. Variety of interpretations. Opens door for Eucharistic ministers as ministers to the sick and elderly.

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