Ministry to the Sick
Part 2 History
Chapter s25 Late Medieval Period [1300-1499 CE]
1. The
Black Death was a devastating
pandemic
that first struck
Europe in the mid-14th century (1347–50),
killing about a third of
Europe's population, an estimated 34 million people. A series of
contemporaneous
plague
epidemics
also occurred across large portions of
Asia and the
Middle
East, indicating that the European outbreak was actually part of a worldwide
pandemic. The same disease is thought to have returned to Europe every
generation with varying degrees of intensity and fatality until the 1700s.
Notable late outbreaks include the
Italian Plague of 1629-1631, the
Great Plague of London (1665–66), and the
Great Plague of Vienna (1679). A significant outbreak of the bubonic plague,
the
Great Plague of Marseille, occurred in France in 1720 - 1722. As the source
of this infection was directly from the Middle East, this outbreak is probably
not a continuation of the Black Death. ("Black Death."
Wikipedia,
The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Feb 2006, 00:23 UTC. 11 Feb 2006, 02:06)
1342 The king and queen of Naples "ransomed" the Holy
Sepulcher and the Holy See entrusted its care and religious services to the
Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land.
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Ministry All
ministries are amalgamated into the ministry of the presbyter. This one
ministry does it all. (Bishops are the policemen who watch that the priests do
it right. Deacons disappear. The laity pray, pay, and obey.)
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Lex Orandi The text of the
prayer (i.e. what came to be called the "form" or essential words of the
sacrament) understand the sacrament to be about the forgiveness of sins. "May the lord forgive you by this holy anointing and his
most loving mercy whatever sins you have committed by the use of your sight.
Amen" -- This is repeated for each of the senses (by which one could commit
sins).
1439 Council of
Florence -- Decree for the
Armenians -- states that Extreme Unction is the 5th of the 7 sacraments.
Sacraments have "matter" and "form." The Matter is olive oil blessed by bishop;
the minister is the priest; the form is the prayer while he
anoints the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, hands, feet, loins (anointing of feet and loins is added to anointing of
five senses);the subject of the
sacrament is a person capable of sinning and in danger of death. [Duns
Scotus taught that the "subject of the Extreme Unction is a person capable of sinning and in danger of death."]
Note: The "elders/presbyters"
of James 5: 12-20 has now become "presbysters/priests".
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